ELI 162
Essay Tests:
Words to Watch For


Certain words are commonly used in essay tests to describe the type and amount of response the instructor requires. Be prepared!

Word(s) used
------Components-------
---Length----
Compare and contrast
a) Points of similarity
b) Points of dissimilarity. Compare=>similar points; contrast=>differences.
c) Conclusion = more similar or different
Minimum: 2 paragraphs
Criticize
a) Restatement of the author's idea.
b) Your opinion, supported by facts or another writer's opinion.
This opinion should include points of disagreement or ideas you question.
c) Conclusion = more similar or different
Long
Define
X is a [general type] with [distinguishing characteristics].
Examples or synonyms may be included.
Short; 1 sentence to 1 paragraph
Describe
a) Distinguishing characteristics and/or step-by-step process
b) Examples
Medium length or longer
Discuss
a) Restatement of the author's idea.
b) Your opinion, supported by facts or another writer's opinion.
This can be more positive than 'criticize,' but should include both positive and negative ideas.
Long
Enumerate
Listing of details, reasons, or examples, depending on the question.
If the question is worth a lot of points, add a description of each element in the list.
Medium length or longer
Explain
a) Restatement of the author's idea, distinguishing characteristics and/or step-by-step process
b) Additional examples to clarify
Long
Illustrate
a) Restatement of the author's idea
b) Examples
Medium length or longer
Relate
a) Restatement of the author's idea
b) Compare/contrast the author's idea with another writer's idea or with ideas discussed during the class
Long
State
Short summary or description of a specific idea or your reasons for agreeing/ disagreeing with an author Short; 1-2 paragraphs
Summarize
Restatement of the author's main ideas and a few supporting details in your own words. 1/3 the size of the original or shorter


Go to 162 index
Go to ELI Home Page

http://ucs.orst.edu/~healeyd/162/162essay_tests.html
Last updated 2 January 1997 by D.Healey, Deborah.Healey@orst.edu