Academic papers have sources: books and articles that you have gathered
information from. The list of sources is a bibliography. One format to
use in this class is listed below, and a sample bibliography is after the
list.
Types of Sources
Books
Author's last name, first initial. (year). Title with only the first
word capitalized. Place: Publisher.
1st author's last name, first initial & 2nd author's last name, first
initial. (year). Title. Place: Publisher.
Smith, J. (1983). The computer in our lives. New York:
Macmillan.
Smith, J. & Wilson, M. (1989). Teachers need help. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Articles in magazines and journals
Author's last name, first initial. (year). Article title with only the
first word capitalized. Magazine Title With All Major Words in Capital
Letters (Month day), pages.
Author's last name, first initial. (year). Article title with only the
first word capitalized. Magazine Title With All Major Words in Capital
Letters, volume, (issue), pages.
Tayli, M. & Al-Salamah, A.I. (1990). Building bilingual microcomputer
systems. Communications of the ACM (May), 495-504.
Wilson, M. (1991). Why I like machines. Technological Horizons in
Education Journal, 79 (2), 34-36.
Articles in books
(these will have an editor's name on the front, and different chapters
will be written by different people)
Author's last name, first initial. (year). Article title. In Editor's
first initial last name (Ed.) Book title (pp. pages). Place:
Publisher.
Jones, J. (1989). Technology today. In S. Johnson (Ed.), Modern
technology (pp. 15-35). London: Oxford.
Electronic publications--CD-ROM
Author/editor. (Year). Title. In Source (edition), [Type of medium].
Available: Supplier/Database identifier or number [Access date].
Nelan, Bruce W. (1994). Not so welcome anymore. In 1994 Time Reference
Almanac, [CD-ROM]. Available: Compact Publishing [1996, October 10].
Electronic publications--World Wide Web, ftp, Gopher
Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition), [Type of medium]. Producer
(optional). Available Protocol (e.g., HTTP): Site/Path/File [Access date].
Lott, J.R. and Mustard, D.B. (1997). Crime, deterrence, and
right-to-carry concealed handguns. Available HTTP:
http://law.lib.uchicago.edu/faculty/lott/guncont.html [1996, 27 September].
Healey, D. (No date). Verb flash cards. [Online]. Available FTP:
ftp://archive.latrobe.edu.au/pub/CELIA/english [1996, March 14].
* Write 'No date' when the electronic publication date is not available.
Sample Bibliography
Healey, D. (No date). Verb flash cards. [Online]. Available FTP:
ftp://archive.latrobe.edu.au/pub/CELIA/english [1996, March 14].
Jones, J. (1989). Technology today. In S. Johnson (Ed.), Modern
technology (pp. 15-35). London: Oxford.
Lott, J.R. and Mustard, D.B. (1997). Crime, deterrence, and
right-to-carry concealed handguns. Available HTTP:
http://law.lib.uchicago.edu/faculty/lott/guncont.html [1996, 27 September].
Nelan, Bruce W. (1994).Not so welcome anymore. In 1994 Time Reference
Almanac, [CD-ROM]. Available: Compact Publishing [1996, October 10].
Smith, J. (1983). The computer in our lives. New York:
Macmillan.
Smith, J & Wilson, M. (1989). Teachers need help. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Tayli, M. & Al-Salamah, A.I. (1990). Building bilingual microcomputer
systems. Communications of the ACM (May), 495-504.
Wilson, M. (1991). Why I like machines. Technological Horizons in
Education Journal (September 15), 34-36.
Citations in the Text
When you refer to sources in your paper, use the short reference
form at the end of the sentence or paragraph from the source. The general
format of the short reference form is:
(author's last name, year)
If you are quoting directly, add the page at the end:
(author's last name, year: p. #)
For example:
The ability to process bilingual documents that contain both
Arabic and English is growing. The Integrated Arabic System (IAS) was
designed to make it possible for different computer applications to
incorporate bilingual information easily (Tayli & Al-Salamah, 1990). As
the authors point out, the IAS 'is also used as a framework to introduce
and discuss problem areas of the arabization process at the workstation,
operating system, and application levels' (Tayli & Al-Salamah, 1990, p.
495).
Feedback
Provide some comments
about your experience in working through this exercise
(e.g. I need some help, this was easy, I'd like more examples, etc.)
Please be sure to explain your comments.
